Abhishek Kumar

Only 5% of India’s youth aged 15–29 have received formal vocational training, according to PLFS 2025 data analysed by JustJobs Network. While training is associated with higher labour force participation and better access to regular, formal employment, high unemployment among formally trained and technically qualified youth raises questions about whether the economy is creating enough suitable jobs.

India’s labour market appears to be moving in the right direction: more people are working, labour force participation is up, and unemployment is down. But there’s more to these numbers. A large part of the increase in labour force participation is coming from rural women. And much of that rise is linked to agriculture, self-employment and unpaid work. At the same time, urban women continue to have the lowest labour force participation and the highest unemployment rate among all groups. So while the headline numbers suggest progress, they also raise an important question: what kind of jobs are driving this change?

India has succeeded in getting more young people into classrooms, but getting them into quality jobs remains a challenge. Through an analysis of PLFS 2025 data, this data story examines the disconnect between education and employment and highlights the structural barriers preventing many young people, especially women, from making a successful transition into work.